#法学#法家
韩非子是中国历史上非常有趣的人物。很多人把韩非子之死归咎于秦始皇的嫉妒和陷害。很多人认为他的理论是法家大师,那么如何看待韩非子呢?这是需要注意的焦点。
Han Feizi is a very interesting figure in Chinese history. Many blame The emperor's jealousy and backstabbing for han feizi's death. Many people regard his theory as a legalist master. What do they think of Han Feizi? This is the focus of attention.
韩非(韩非子原名韩非)出生于战国时期,是贵族后裔。然而,作为战国时期的一个小国,韩国很难避免被吞并。因此,韩非在向儒家大成者荀子学习时,逐渐对法国强国论产生了兴趣,于是转向研究法国。什么是法家?
法家是一种注重以制度和制度管理国家的思想。最常见的派系分为法律、艺术和潜力。然而,作者并没有这样分配。作者认为法国学习只有两个派系:法国学校和法国非法学校。只要解释清楚,理解韩非子就很有帮助。
春秋时期,社会制度进入封建制度。在这一制度下,具有中国特色的封建制度将礼物作为区分阶级的重要手段。社会形成了王权、贵族、平民等阶级的管理制度。虽然礼物可以提高贵族的身份,巩固贵族的身份,但很难从根本上抑制君主和诸侯之间实际力量的变化。这种变化的出现导致了君主的衰落。
Han Fei (Han Feizi's original name was Han Fei) was born during the Warring States Period and descended from an aristocratic family. However, as a small country in the Warring States period, Korea could hardly avoid being annexed. Therefore, han Fei gradually became interested in the theory of French power while learning from Xunzi, a great Confucian scholar, and turned to France. What is legalism?
Legalism is a kind of thought that focuses on the management of state by system and system. The most common factions are law, art and potential. However, the authors do not assign it this way. The author argues that There are only two factions of French learning: French schools and French illegal schools. As long as the explanation is clear, it is very helpful to understand Han Feizi.
During the Spring and Autumn period, the social system entered feudal system. Under this system, the feudal system with Chinese characteristics regarded gifts as an important means to distinguish classes. Society has formed a management system of classes such as royalty, nobility and commoners. Although gifts could enhance and strengthen the status of the nobility, it was difficult to fundamentally curb changes in actual power between monarch and vassal. The emergence of this change led to the decline of the monarchy.
因此,法律之所以要走向鼎盛时期,是因为法家通过制度化建设将王权和势力捆绑在一起。这种捆绑的先驱是关仲。通过制定法律,关仲将渔盐的利益控制在君主手中,有利于君主控制资本、国家内部势力、资本流动、法律和贵族平衡。
这就是为什么王权喜欢法家。法家通过改变包括法家法派和法家在内的国内商业模式,加强君主权。
Therefore, the reason why law reached its peak was that legalists bound royal power and power together through institutionalization. The forerunner of this binding was Guan Zhong. By making laws, Guan Zhong controlled the interests of fishing and salt in the hands of the monarch, which was conducive to the monarch's control of capital, internal forces of the state, capital flow, and the balance of law and nobility.
That's why Kings like legalists. The Legalists strengthened monarch sovereignty by changing the domestic business model, including the Legalists and the legalists.
法律是建立法律制度,使国家依靠指定的法律,法律是:惩罚而不是心,即判断人是否有罪的关键在于人的行为而不是他的心态,制定规则的目的是限制人的犯罪,维护社会的正常运作。
非法法律并不意味着法律是非法的,而是从制定法律的角度设计法律对某些范围内的人有利。君主通过调整这一范围来形成对自己有利的局面。
因此,法律和法律就像一个差距,双方难以弥合,因为法律不再坚持法律作为唯一的判断标准,成为法律的一种方式,这种方式是非法的,所以君主往往喜欢法律,因为封建制度大规模改革,容易引起权力之间的快速变化,容易引起国内矛盾。
Law is to establish a legal system, so that the country depends on the designated law, the law is: punishment rather than heart, that is, the key to judge whether a person is guilty lies in his behavior rather than his mentality, the purpose of the establishment of rules is to restrict people's crimes, maintain the normal operation of the society.
Illegal law does not mean that the law is illegal, but that the law is designed to benefit certain range of people from the point of view of making the law. Monarchs adjust this range to their advantage.
Therefore, the law and legal like a gap, the two sides are difficult to heal, because the law no longer insist on as the only criterion, a way to become law, this way is illegal, so the monarch tend to like the law, because of the feudal system of large-scale reform, easy to cause rapid changes between power, easy to cause the domestic contradictions.
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通过非法实现部分改革,调整力量之间的力量,实现加强自身的目的,是一种非常常见的方式。商鞅的改革是一所法律学校,商鞅逆转了一个关键。普通法学校建立法律的目的是保证社会的运作。法律的制定和配备主要是基于此,商鞅反其道而行之。商鞅将法律设定的目的设定为扩张。因此,任何违反扩张目的的人都很容易被列入非法行列。秦国通过明确、严格执行奖惩制度,迅速踏上征程,使秦国的法律改革远远超过其他通过法律非法改革的诸侯国。
It is a common way to strengthen oneself by adjusting the strength among the forces through illegal partial reform. Shang Yang's reform was a law school, and Shang Yang reversed a key. Common law schools establish law to ensure that society operates. The formulation and allocation of laws is mainly based on this, Shang Yang did the opposite. Shang Yang set the purpose of law as expansion. Therefore, anyone who violates the purpose of expansion can easily be classified as illegal. Through the clear and strict implementation of the reward and punishment system, Qin quickly embarked on the journey, making the legal reform of Qin far more than other vassal states through illegal legal reform.
如果用简单的方式描述两者之间最大的区别,商鞅的改革更像是放开束缚,而法家的非法则则是用新的束缚代替旧的束缚。相比之下,许多人狂热地加入秦国,以激发底层到上层人民扩大利益为契机,放开束缚,奖惩分明,导致秦国崛起。
然而,在秦始皇时代,一个非常重要的问题正在发生变化,即秦朝的扩张几乎达到了极限,因此可扩张的地方正在减少,这使得秦朝越来越难以通过商鞅变法维持扩张体系,越来越重视诸侯国的改革抵制。
因此,在这个时代的作用下,秦始皇面临着李斯的县制改革、韩非的刑法和黄老式改革。秦始皇之所以选择李斯而不是韩非,是因为秦始皇真的放弃了韩非。
If the biggest difference between the two is described in a simple way, Shang Yang's reform is more like releasing the shackles, while legalism's illegality is to replace the old shackles with new ones. In contrast, many people enthusiastically joined the State of Qin, taking the opportunity of inspiring people from the bottom to the top to expand their interests, freeing their bondage, rewarding and punishing, and leading to the rise of qin.
作为许多故事和桥梁,有一句非常经典的话,韩非不擅长说话,更口吃,所以秦始皇显然不能恨它,因为秦始皇不需要一个聪明的大臣,他需要一个能帮助他解决问题的人。
As a bridge to many stories, there is a very classic saying that Han Fei was not good at speaking and stuttered more, so qin Shi Huang obviously could not hate him, because Qin Shi Huang did not need a clever minister, he needed someone who could help him solve his problems.
在这一点上,秦国的主要人才大多来自国外,甚至可以说是魏秦使用的。为什么会出现这种现象。这是因为当时大多数魏、韩、赵都有改变的想法,但没有改变的机会和基础,这使得他们中的大多数人选择了法家的非法改革方法,这使得大量的人才没有展示的空间,导致他们失去了秦国。韩非也是如此。韩国国王没有机会给韩非实施他的想法,而不是交出韩非来避免战争。
In this regard, most of qin's main talents came from abroad, and it can even be said that Wei qin used them. Why does this happen? This was because most of the states of Wei, Han and Zhao had the idea of changing, but there was no opportunity or foundation for change, which made most of them choose legalist illegal reform methods, which left a large number of talents without space to show, and caused them to lose Qin. The same is true of Hanfei. Instead of handing over Hanfei to avoid war, the King of Korea had no chance to give Hanfei his idea.
因此,当韩国和非洲来到秦国时,他们可能真的想阻止秦国攻击韩国,游说策略在当时逐渐冷淡。随着秦国扩张的加剧,直接战争吞并取代了联盟,但这并不是秦始皇杀死韩国和非洲的关键因素。
Therefore, when Han and Africa came to Qin, they probably really wanted to prevent Qin from attacking Han, and lobbying tactics gradually cooled at that time. As Qin's expansion intensified, direct war annexation replaced the alliance, but this was not the key factor in Qin Shi Huang's killing of Korea and Africa.
是什么导致秦始皇杀死韩非?
因为韩非没有给出解决问题的答案,大多数秦总理,尤其是外国人,没有好的结局,要么被驱逐,要么被杀,所以韩非进入秦李斯自然非常警惕,想排除他很自然,但如果只是因为一些胡说八道或游说秦攻击赵杀死韩非不是秦始皇,秦始皇他真的杀了他。
What led Qin Shihuang to kill Han Fei?
Because of han fei did not give the answer to solve the problem, most of the qin dynasty prime minister, especially foreigners, there is no good ending, or expelled, or be killed, so han fei into qin Reese nature very vigilant, naturally want to eliminate him, but if only because some nonsense or lobby attacks kill zhao qin han fei is not the emperor, qin shi huang he really kill him.
韩非没有真正解决问题的办法。
如果我们想到韩非,我们会发现他有一个致命的弱点。他所渴望的是创造一个完美的法家。法家最大的缺点是通过制度治理国家。因此,君主在选择法家和法家时往往会遇到困难。因此,以某种方式弥合差距已经成为韩非的目标,但这就像一个自然的差距。
法家最大的根本原因是无法弥合这一差距。
Hanfei had no real solution to the problem.
If we think of Hanfey, we will find that he has a fatal weakness. What he longed for was to create a perfect legalist. The biggest shortcoming of legalism is governing the country through institutions. Therefore, the monarch often encountered difficulties in choosing legalists and legalists. So somehow bridging the gap has become hanfei's goal, but it's like a natural gap.
The biggest root cause of legalism is the inability to bridge this gap.
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文章标题:韩非子之死的原因发布于2024-04-27 14:03:51