其实法家的变法思想就是战国思想

“春秋战国统一秦汉”。中国有许多朝代，每个朝代都有其独特的特点。如果说争霸是春秋时期的主题，那么变法就是战国时期的主题。虽然提到战国时期的变法，人们经常想到商鞅的变法，但事实上，“变法”并不是秦国唯一的政策。

“法家”思想是战国思想。

魏国是第一个变法。

如果说变法的成功，秦国必须是第一位的，但如果说变法的第一位和最后位置，第一位应该是魏国。魏国的李逵是第一位实施变法的人。当时，魏国在位的君主是魏文侯。在他的支持下，李逵的变法成功了。历史记载：李逵相魏，“他尽了最大的努力，接管了百官，编辑了穆万民，这样他的君主就可以无所事事，无忧无虑地死去”。当李逵担任魏国总理时，他尽最大努力帮助魏国改革，带领百官建设魏国。最后，改革成功了，使君主无事可做，死后无忧无虑。可见他的改革取得了多大的成功。

"The Spring and Autumn Period and warring States united qin and Han". China had many dynasties, each with its own unique characteristics. If hegemony is the theme of the Spring and Autumn Period, then reform is the theme of the Warring States period. Although people often think of Shang Yang's reform during the Warring States Period, in fact, "reform" was not the only policy of qin.

"Legalism" thought is the warring States thought.

Wei was the first reform.

If the reform succeeds, Qin must take the first place, but if the reform takes the first and last place, Wei should take the first place. Li Kui of the State of Wei was the first to carry out the reform. At that time, the reigning monarch of Wei was Marquis Wen of Wei. With his support, Li Kui succeeded in his reform. Historical record: Li Kui to Wei, "He tried his best to take over the baiguan and edit The Muwanmin, so that his sovereign could do nothing and die carefree". When Li Kui was the premier of Wei, he did his best to help wei reform and led the officials to build Wei. In the end, the reform succeeded, leaving the monarch with nothing to do and nothing to worry about after death. You can see how successful his reforms were.

他不仅成功地改变了法律，而且结合了各国以前的法律经典，修改和完善了魏国的法律经典《法律经典》。法律经典不仅是魏国成功改革的见证，也是魏国成功改革的保护神。它以法律的形式通过魏文侯宣布，以法律的形式肯定和保护变革，极大地支持了魏国变革的成功。

“法家”思想是战国思想。

变革的主要方面是：第一是废除奴隶制时代的世袭制度，第二是正式废除中国传统的井田制度，第三是实施法治，建立完整的魏国法律法经，第四是改革军事制度，建立“中风”制度，即评估军队士兵，奖励优秀人才。这些类似或相似的方面可以在后来的商鞅变革中看到。

He not only succeeded in changing the laws, but also modified and improved the Legal classics of wei state by combining the previous legal classics of other countries. Legal classics are not only the witness of wei's successful reform, but also the protector of wei's successful reform. It was proclaimed by Marquis Wen of Wei in the form of law, affirming and protecting the reform in the form of law, which greatly supported the success of the reform of Wei.

"Legalism" thought is the warring States thought.

The main aspects of the reform are: first, the abolition of the hereditary system in the slavery era; second, the formal abolition of the traditional Chinese well field system; third, the implementation of the rule of law and the establishment of a complete Legal system of the State of Wei; fourth, the reform of the military system, the establishment of the "stroke" system, that is, the evaluation of soldiers in the army, reward excellent talents. These similar or similar aspects can be seen in shang Yang's later revolution.

《法经》的地位也得到了前所未有的提高，因为魏国第一次成功地改变了法律。它不仅是中国历史上第一部更系统的封建成文法典，而且为后世各国和朝代提供了法典的参考标准。据《晋书刑法志》记载，《法经》分为《盗窃》、《小偷》、《网络》、《捕捉》、《杂项》和《工具》六篇文章，涉及的范围非常广泛。后来，商鞅无法留在魏国，离开了秦国。他只带了一本李逵的《法经》。可以看出，李逵的《法经》对商鞅甚至后人的影响。

The status of the Fa Jing was also enhanced as never before, because wei succeeded in changing its laws for the first time. It is not only the first more systematic feudal written code in Chinese history, but also provides a reference standard for later countries and dynasties. According to the records of Criminal Law in The Book of Jin Dynasty, the Book of Law is divided into six articles: Theft, Thief, Network, capture, miscellaneous and tools, covering a very wide range. Later, Shang Yang could not stay in Wei and left Qin. He carried only a copy of Li Kui's Fa Jing. We can see the influence of Li Kui's "Law Classic" on Shang Yang and even later generations.

各国变法

齐国变法

战国时期的其他国家也参与了变革，如齐国。邹忌主持齐国的变革，即邹忌讽刺齐王的劝诫，邹忌讽刺齐王的劝诫也与齐国的变革有关。田仲敬的家庭记载他的建议是：对于“请不要离开”和“请谨慎”；对于人民来说，“请自附于人民”；对于臣下来说，“请选择君子，不要与恶棍混在一起”，“请修行法律，督促奸臣”。吸引了很多人才，比如著名的孙斌。

The political reform

Qi ma,

Other states in the Warring States period also participated in the revolution, such as Qi. Zou Ji presided over the reform of The state of Qi, namely, Zou Ji satirized the admonition of the king of Qi, which was also related to the reform of the state of Qi. Tian zhongjing's family records his advice: to "please don't leave" and "please be careful"; For the people, "please subservience to the people"; To his subordinates, he said, "Please choose a gentleman, not a villain," and "Practice the law and urge dishonest officials." Attracted a lot of talents, such as the famous Sun Bin.

齐威王还让齐威王接受了他的建议，积极接受建议，甚至提出：“那些能够面对寡妇的人会得到奖励；那些在书中建议寡妇的人会得到奖励；那些能够诽谤市朝，听到寡妇的耳朵的人会得到奖励。”他们甚至建议，只要他们能向国王建议，他们就能得到奖励。几年后，齐国的政治制度得到了很好的发展。《战国政策》记载，燕、赵、韩、魏文志都朝向齐国。这就是所谓的战胜朝廷。其他国家纷纷来到齐王。可以看出，这一变化使齐国的土地得到了前所未有的改善。

The king of Qi also made the king accept his advice and accepted it positively, even proposing: "Those who can face the widow will be rewarded; Those who advise widows in the book will be rewarded; Those who can slander the market and hear the widow's ear will be rewarded." They even suggested that if they could make suggestions to the king, they would be rewarded. Several years later, qi's political system developed well. According to the Policy of the Warring States Period, yan, Zhao, Han and Wei all headed toward Qi. This is the so-called victory over the court. Other states came to the king of Qi one after another. It can be seen that this change made the land of Qi improved unprecedentedly.

赵国变法

赵国也有变法，以赵武灵王的“胡服骑射”命名。正是赵武灵王决心将西北军狄纳入赵国版图，以胡制胡，命令全国各地改穿胡服，与军队一起练习军敌骑射，并以围猎的方式进行实战演习，以扩大版图。

通过改变人们的日常生活方式，削弱了他们对胡人的蔑视，也吸引了胡人与赵人的亲密感，缩短了他们之间的心理距离。在对外战斗中，他们借此机会促进了民族融合。

Zhao ma,

The State of Zhao also had a reform, named after King Wu Ling of Zhao's "Hu Fu Riding archery". It was King Wuling of Zhao who made up his mind to bring the northwest army into the territory of The State of Zhao. He ordered all parts of the country to wear Hu uniforms. He practiced riding and shooting with the army and conducted actual combat exercises in the way of hunting to expand the territory.

By changing People's Daily lifestyle, it weakened their contempt for the Hu people, attracted the hu people to the Zhao people's sense of intimacy, and shortened their psychological distance. In foreign wars, they took the opportunity to promote national integration.

楚国变法

楚国也实施了变法。和商鞅一样，他也参考了李逵的变法，并选择了他变法的精髓“法治”作为楚国变法的基本点。例如，他采取的“明法令”甚至与商鞅相同。商鞅“迁木立信”。他是“依靠车与车之间的相反”。只要他能移动，他就可以得到奖励，以建立法治的权威。

Chu ma,

The State of Chu also carried out reform. Like Shang Yang, he also referred to Li Kui's reform and chose "rule of law", the essence of his reform, as the basic point of chu's reform. For example, he even adopted the same "Ming decrees" as Shang Yang. Shang Yang moved to shu Lixin. He is "relying on cars as opposed to cars". As long as he can move, he can be rewarded to establish the authority of the rule of law.

此外，改革的主要方式也类似于李逵的改革，如废除世袭制度，削弱重要官员的权利。淮南子泰族训说：“吴起是楚减爵禄的命令，“谦卑大臣的尊严”；奖励军事功绩优异的士兵；严禁结党营私，整顿官治，提高建设工程质量。这些相似之处可以从李逵的变化中看出。

魏国吴起变法后，成功显著，军队曾直接逼近咸阳，秦国黄河以西的土地易主。

秦国变法

历史上没有先见之明。在你不能选择捷径为目的生活之前，一切都是无知的。商鞅原本是魏国人。他在魏国总理公叔痤疮的手下做了一些事情。当他去世时，公叔痤疮特别向魏惠王推荐了商鞅，但魏惠王拒绝了他推荐的商鞅。我没有把他所说的“没有商鞅和杀戮”放在心上。

In addition, the main method of reform was similar to Li Kui's reform, such as abolishing the hereditary system and reducing the power of important officials. Huainan zi Tai said: "Wu Qi is the chu order to reduce the rank and salary," humble the dignity of ministers "; To reward soldiers for outstanding military achievements; Party affiliation for personal gain shall be strictly prohibited, government governance shall be rectified and the quality of construction projects shall be improved. These similarities can be seen in li Kui's changes.

After the reform of Wu Qi of wei, the success was remarkable. The troops approached Xianyang directly, and the land west of the Yellow River was changed to qin.

Qin ma,

History has no foresight. It's all ignorance until you can't take shortcuts in your life. Shang Yang was originally from the State of Wei. He did some work under gongshu Acne, the premier of Wei. When he died, Gongshu Acne especially recommended Shang Yang to King Hui of Wei, but King Hui rejected his recommendation of Shang Yang. I did not take to heart what he said, "No Shang Yang and killing.

商鞅看到魏国没有发展的希望。此时，秦孝公登基后，他对秦国的困境感到焦虑。他渴望人才，并发布了《人才求助令》。他建议，只要他能帮助秦国的人才，他就愿意直接分配土地给他，以确保他的财富！于是商鞅离开秦国，在说服秦孝公后开始改变。

Shang Yang saw no hope for the development of Wei. At this time, after King Xiaogong of Qin ascended the throne, he felt anxious about the plight of qin. He craved talent and issued a "Talent Call for Help". He suggested that as long as he could help the talented people of Qin, he would be willing to directly allocate land to him to ensure his wealth! So Shang Yang left qin and began to change after persuading Xiao Gong of Qin.

主要方法有:一是直接颁布李逵的《法经》，使用连坐法；二是废除世袭制度，奖励军功，禁止打架；重农抑商，奖励耕织；禁止儒家思想的流通；实施小家庭政策，鼓励婚姻，禁止父子兄弟住在一起，解决了军事后备力量的“粮食”。因为有粮食，就可以打仗。军功授爵吸引了人们的注意。在这个制度下，贵族将成为平民，平民将成为贵族。后来大家都知道，秦国打败了六国，建立了秦朝。

The main methods are as follows: first, directly promulgate Li Kui's Fa Jing, using the method of sitting together; Second, abolish the hereditary system, reward military meritorious service and forbid fighting; Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, rewarding farming and weaving; Banning the circulation of Confucianism; The small family policy encouraged marriage and banned fathers, sons and brothers from living together, thus eliminating the "food" for the military reserve. Because we had food, we were able to fight. The knighthood attracted people's attention. Under this system, nobles would become plebeians, and plebeians would become nobles. Later, as everyone knows, qin defeated the six states and established the Qin Dynasty.

战国变法的本质。

商鞅变法，甚至李逵，都在抵制儒家思想，因为儒家思想是目标和理想，而法家思想使国家有力量击败其他国家。因此，法家思想是战国思想，法家思想最适合战国。但法家不适应时代，也适应当时国家打败其他国家君主的意愿。没有什么理论比无情的打击方式更能成为国王意志的最佳诠释。

“法家”思想是战国思想。

商鞅告诉人们，只要是政府说的，你就应该相信人民不需要理性、思考、听话和服从，这是法家一贯的思想。商鞅变法的残酷是国家意志的全面实施。此外，当时秦国被称为“军狄之俗”。山东六国根本不带他去玩，但最终也有利于他的变法，因为礼仪和法律不严格，变法更容易被接受。

因此，争霸是春秋时期的主题，变法是战国时期的主题，因为没有能力就会被消灭。

The essence of reform in warring States period.

Shang Yang's reforms, and even Li Kui's, resisted Confucianism because Confucianism was the goal and the ideal, while legalism gave the state the power to defeat other states. Therefore, legalist thought is the warring States thought, the most suitable for the Warring States thought. But the legalists were out of step with The Times, and with the state's desire to defeat other sovereigns. No theory offers a better explanation of the king's will than the ruthless method of striking.

"Legalism" thought is the warring States thought.

Shang Yang told people that as long as the government says so, you should believe that the people do not need to be rational, thinking, obedient and obedient, which is the consistent philosophy of legalism. The cruelty of Shang Yang's reform was the full implementation of the national will. In addition, the state of Qin was called "Jundi's Vulgar". The six states of Shandong did not take him to play at all, but in the end it also helped his reform, as the etiquette and laws were not strict and the reform was more easily accepted.

Therefore, contending for hegemony was the theme of the Spring and Autumn Period, and reforming was the theme of the Warring States Period, because those without ability would be eliminated.