如何把不利情况变得有利？孙武：知彼知己，能患为利。

我们熟悉知己知己，百战不殆。这句话是春秋战国时期孙武的名言。它不仅体现了用兵的聪明方法，也体现了占卜星象盛行时期孙武简单的唯物主义思想，即不能取决于鬼神的科学态度。

孙武还用知己知彼这个词告诉世界，以患为利，即将到来的不利情况变得有利，也能给今天的人很大的启发:只要我们对敌人有足够的了解，对时间、地点和人有足够的控制，就不要僵化地运用过去的经验，实事求是。随着时间的推移，我们可以以更少的方式赢得更多。弱胜强。在这里，变坏并非不可能。

We know our friends and we can win a hundred battles. This is a famous saying of Sun Wu during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period. It not only reflects the clever method of using soldiers, but also reflects the simple materialism of Sun Wu during the time when astrology was prevalent, that is, it cannot depend on the scientific attitude of ghosts and gods.

Sun Wu also used the word "knowing oneself and knowing the enemy" to tell the world that the coming unfavorable situation can be turned to advantage by taking the advantage of suffering, which can also give people today great inspiration: as long as we have enough understanding of the enemy and enough control over time, place and people, we should not rigidiously apply past experience and seek truth from facts. Over time, we can win more in fewer ways. Weak - strong. It's not impossible to go bad here.

接下来，我将从孙武知彼知己观点中简单的唯物主义思想入手，谈谈孙武在这一观点中不可靠的科学态度，再谈这一观点的哲学灵感。

1.知彼知己中简单的唯物主义思想:不能相信鬼。

据宋代《古今姓氏辩证》记载，孙武字长卿和孔子同时被崇拜为齐国医生。由于齐国的混乱，一家人逃到吴国安顿下来。后来，在军人的推荐下，孙武的才华有了用武之地。

在吴王的支持下，孙武以3万吴军与楚国20万军队作战。孙武创造了少胜多的神话。公元前506年，楚国首都被占领，孙武闻名于世。

说起孙武以少胜多的神话，我们不得不提到他说的话。这个人基本上是朗朗上口的，即知彼知己，百战不殆。

Next, I will start with sun Wu's simple materialism, talk about sun Wu's unreliable scientific attitude in this view, and then talk about the philosophical inspiration of this view.

1. The simple materialist thought of knowing others and knowing yourself: you can't believe ghosts.

According to the Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames in the Song Dynasty, sun Wu styled Chang Qing and Confucius were both worshipped as doctors of qi. Due to the chaos in Qi, the family fled to Wu and settled down. Later, with the recommendation of the soldiers, Sun Wu's talent came into play.

With the support of the king of Wu, Sun Wu fought with 30,000 Wu troops against 200,000 Chu troops. Sun Wu created the myth that fewer wins more. In 506 BC, the capital of Chu was captured and Sun Wu became famous.

Speaking of the myth of Sun Wu, we have to mention what he said. This man is basically catchy, that is, know the enemy and know yourself, and win a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.

孙武指出，在战争中，我们应该根据客观的实际情况来决定下一步。在采取行动之前，我们应该根据实际情况充分发挥主观性，审时度势。对症下药。因此，理论上把战争的胜败寄托在鬼神占卜上是不合理的。

孙武曾说：

所以明君贤将，所以动胜人，成功出于众，先知也是如此。先知不能取自鬼神、事物、验证程度，必须取自之情的人。

孙武这句话的意思直接翻译成：一个聪明的君主。或者一个聪明的将军，他们总能赢得普通人难以取得的胜利。没有理由，他们可以先了解敌人。如果你想先了解敌人，你不能依靠上帝来计算占卜，你过去的经验也不能僵化地应用。更好的方法是询问实际情况，而询问的对象往往是了解情报的人。

孙武直接指出，贤惠的君主或将军往往有规划策略，他们的规划策略，即所谓的先知，不是迷信鬼神占卜，而是从现实出发，探索规则和经验。在孔子尊重鬼神的时代，孙武的简单唯物主义是非常罕见的。

Sun Wu pointed out that in war, we should decide the next step according to the objective reality. Before taking action, we should give full play to our subjectivity and evaluate the situation according to the actual situation. Take the right medicine. Therefore, it is not reasonable to rely on divination to win or lose a war.

Sun Wu once said:

Therefore wise rulers and wise men are wise; therefore the mighty are successful, and so are the prophets. A prophet cannot be taken from a ghost, from a thing, from a degree of verification, but must be taken from a human being.

Sun Wu's words translate directly into: a wise monarch. Or a clever general who can always win a victory that ordinary people cannot. No reason. They can get to know the enemy first. If you want to know the enemy first, you cannot rely on God to calculate divination, nor can your past experience be rigidly applied. A better approach is to ask the facts, often with someone who knows the information.

Sun Wu directly pointed out that wise princes or generals often had planning strategies, and their planning strategies, the so-called prophets, were not superstitious in divination, but based on reality, exploring rules and experience. At a time when Confucius respected ghosts and gods, Sun Wu's simple materialism was very rare.

2.启发:少胜多。以患为利。

基于孙武的知彼知己，我们可以进一步体会到孙武以少胜多的观点。

关于少胜多.以患为利，颜小二在这里不得不提到孙武在《虚实》中提到的一句话：

准备前后寡，准备后前寡，准备左右寡，准备右左寡。如果你没有准备好，你将一无所有。

孙武的话是告诉世界，只有对敌人有足够的了解，真正把握敌人的情况，才能找到敌人的弱点，然后不打，一击一击。

在这方面，根据这种实践，真正的知识思想，大多数时候，数量差距，虽然对预测结果有很大的参考意义，但最终的结果，也可能有意想不到的情况。如果你想赢得更少的胜利，你必须像孙武一样互相了解。了解朋友的原则，了解他们的优缺点，但也了解敌人的优势。什么是弱点，用适当的药物。

同时，对方了解得越全面，胜算就越大。

2. Inspiration: Less is more. Take trouble for profit.

Based on sun Wu's knowledge, we can further understand sun Wu's view that less wins more.

With regard to the victory of less and the victory of more, Yan Xiaoer has to refer to a sentence mentioned by Sun Wu in "The False and the Real" :

Be a widow before and after, a widow before, a widow left and right, a widow left and right. If you are not ready, you will have nothing.

Sun Wu's words are to tell the world that only by knowing enough about the enemy and really grasping the situation of the enemy, can we find out the weakness of the enemy and then do not fight, but strike one by one.

In this respect, according to this kind of practice, the real knowledge thought, most of the time, the quantity gap, although has great reference significance to predict the result, but the final result, also may have unexpected situation. If you want to win less, you must know each other like Sun Wu. Know your friend's principles, know their strengths and weaknesses, but also know your enemy's strengths. What is the weakness, with the appropriate medication.

At the same time, the better informed the other side, the better the odds.

最后，孙武的两大进步。

以上，我们从孙武的知己入手，简要介绍了孙子观点中包含的简单唯物主义和实践中真知的灵感。接下来，严小二将简要总结孙武观点的两大进步。

首先，从上面的叙述中，我们可以理解孙武指出，鬼神的说法是不可信的。他认为从事实中寻求真理是非常有用的。这是孙武的一大进步。毕竟，在相信鬼神的时代，孙武看到了这一点。

孙武的第二大进步是他对盲目应用经验的否定。很多时候，虽然我们过去的经验是合理的，但随着时间的推移，一些条件发生了变化，所以过去积累的经验可能会引导我们一两次，但我们绝不能完全依赖过去的经验。一旦我们僵化地应用过去，我们就会停下来，失去一切。

虽然这是一个非常明显的事实，但在实践中，很少有人能永远记住它。事实上，克服对以往经验的依赖，打破规则。你可以很好地理解超越你盲目自信的意义。

Finally, sun Wu made two great progress.

Above, we begin with sun Wu's confidant and briefly introduce the simple materialism contained in Sun Zi's view and the inspiration of true knowledge in practice. Next, Yan xiaoer will briefly summarize the two major advances of Sun Wu's views.

First of all, from the above statement, we can understand Sun Wu pointing out that the ghost theory is not credible. He thought it very useful to seek truth from facts. This is a great improvement for Sun Wu. After all, at a time when ghosts and gods were believed, Sun Wu saw it.

The second great progress of Sun Wu is his negation of blind application of experience. Many times, although our past experience is reasonable, some conditions have changed over time, so the experience accumulated in the past may guide us once or twice, but we should never rely solely on past experience. Once we rigidly apply the past, we stop and lose everything.

Although this is a very obvious fact, in practice, few people can remember it forever. In fact, get over relying on past experience and break the rules. You can well understand what it means to go beyond your blind confidence.