法家、墨家、纵四、兵家代表尉炫耀。横家、兵家、杂家、计然家等代表人物纷纷进秦助战。

四、兵家代表尉炫耀。

兵家是中国古代战略家和军事家的总称，也是指先秦时期专门研究战争的学派。百所学校或多或少都在谈论战争，但只有兵家学会全面研究军事，指导军事实践。

Four, on behalf of wei show off.

Bgi is a general term for ancient Chinese strategists and militarists, and also refers to the school of war studies in the pre-Qin period. One hundred schools were more or less talking about war, but only military experts learned to study military affairs comprehensively and guide military practice.

春秋战国时期是中国古典军事史上兵学的最高峰。在列国战争的世界里，兵家始终发挥着中流砥柱的作用，无论是大国兼并小国，还是弱国抵达强国。秦百家士兵共同努力，秦统一世界，结束战争分离。但最后一击是著名的三军兵家。

The Spring and Autumn and warring States periods were the peak of military science in Chinese classical military history. In a world of war between nations, the military has always played a central role, whether it is a big country annexing a small one, or a weak country reaching a strong one. Qin hundred soldiers worked together to unify the world and end the war of separation. But the final blow came from the famous armed forces.

春秋战国时期，几乎所有著名的诸侯国都有优秀的军事家，如吴国有孙武、齐国有孙斌、魏国有吴起等。如果秦国没有优秀的军事家，如果秦始皇没有顶级的军事参考，统一中国的完全胜利是不可想象的。那么，秦始皇在统一世界的战争中使用了谁的军事思想呢？秦始皇的军事参考资料是谁？答案是历史书中对它的简要描述。

During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period, almost all the famous vassal states had excellent strategists, such as Sun Wu in the State of Wu, Sun Bin in the state of Qi, and Wu Qi in the State of Wei. If qin did not have excellent military strategists, if Qin Shi Huang did not have top military reference, the complete victory of the unification of China is unimaginable. So whose military ideas did Qin Shi Huang use in his war to unify the world? Who was the military reference for Emperor Qin Shi Huang? The answer is a brief description of it in the history books.

魏耀，原名姚耀，魏国大梁人，公元前237年入秦。这时，秦始皇亲政，摧毁了老艾和吕不韦，全力以赴进行统一战争。魏耀的军事思想体现在有价值的军事作品《魏耀子》一书中。在宋代法院颁发的《武经七书》中，《魏耀子》、《孙子》、《吴子》、《司马法》、《三略》、《六涛》、《唐李问对》被列为军事教科书。但南宋以后，《魏耀子》一书被认为是伪造的，也被列为杂家。然而，竹简《魏耀子》出土于山东银雀山发掘的第一座汉墓，其内容与当前传播基本相同。这证明，早在汉代，今天的《魏耀子》就已经存在了，它的书至少在战国秦朝。伪造。杂家说是胡说八道。虽然历史书留下的魏耀事迹很少，但秦在统一前夕在其他诸侯国作战过程中使用的战略和战略与魏耀的军事思想非常一致。因此，魏耀在指导秦对外战争的决策集团中发挥了相当大的作用。

Wei Yao, formerly known as Yao Yao, was born in Daliang of the State of Wei and entered qin in 237 BC. At this time, Qin Shi Huang took office, destroyed Lao Ai and Lu Buwei, and went all out to carry out the unification war. Wei Yao's military thoughts were reflected in the valuable military work Wei Yao Zi. In the Seven Books of The Martial Classics issued by the Court of the Song Dynasty, Wei Yaozi, Sun Tzu, Wu Zi, Sima Fa, Three Lue, Six Tao and Tang Li Wenzhi were listed as military textbooks. But after the Southern Song Dynasty, wei Yaozi was regarded as a forgery and was listed as a miscellaneous scholar. However, the bamboo "Wei Yaozi" was excavated from the first Han Tomb in Yinque Mountain, Shandong Province, and its content is basically the same as the current dissemination. This proves that as early as the Han Dynasty, today's Wei Yaozi already existed, and its books were at least in the Warring States and Qin Dynasties. Forged. The miscellaneous said it was nonsense. Although few of Wei Yao's deeds are left in history books, the strategies and strategies used by Qin in other vassal wars on the eve of unification are very consistent with Wei yao's military thinking. Therefore, Wei Yao played a considerable role in the decision-making group that directed Qin's foreign wars.

秦始皇非常欣赏魏耀的军事才能，尊重魏耀，不仅让他享受和自己一样的衣服和饮食，而且秦王在魏耀面前往往非常谦虚。但魏耀认为：秦王是人，蜂准备好了，长眼睛，鸟鹰，豺狼，少老虎狼的心，约会很容易离开，很容易吃人。我穿上衣服，但我看到了自己。真正让秦王对这个世界感兴趣，这个世界被俘虏了。不要旅行太久。魏耀准备离开，但秦王发现后，他试图留住他，任命他为国家军队的船长。所以它被称为魏耀。

Qin Shi Huang greatly appreciated Wei Yao's military ability and respected him, not only letting him enjoy the same clothes and food as himself, but also being very modest in front of Wei Yao. But Wei Yao thought: qin king is a man, bee ready, long eyes, bird eagle, jackal, little old tiger Wolf heart, date is easy to leave, it is easy to eat people. I put on my clothes, but I saw myself. To really get the King of Qin interested in this world, this world is captured. Don't travel too long. Wei Yao was ready to leave, but when the King of Qin found out, he tried to keep him by appointing him captain of the state army. So it is called Wei Yao.

魏耀子有24篇文章，包括战争观、战争与经济、政治关系、战争指导原则和具体战略战术、队列编制、奖惩原则等，即军事工作和哲学工作。魏耀不提倡轻易挑起战争。即使他惩罚和禁止暴力，他也提倡尽可能保持社会秩序的稳定，这样士兵就不会有血缘关系。他认为士气决定了战争的结果。我们必须礼貌，然后惩罚，亲爱的，然后惩罚，这反映了儒家和法国家庭的历史趋势。在分析正确的时间、地点和人事关系时，他指出善良，不时受益；明确法律命令，不占卜；他反对占卜迷信，强调人事角色，反映唯物主义。他建议不要吝啬财产，贿赂各国掌权的大臣，破坏他们的联合政策，离开他们的内部关系。这样，如果没有30万黄金，王子就可以离开国家。他还总结了一般的行军规则、军事规则、军事纪律、相互监督等。魏耀不是纸上谈兵，而是对实践经验的科学总结。

Wei yaozi wrote 24 articles, including the concept of war, war and economy, political relations, guiding principles of war and specific strategies and tactics, formation, principles of reward and punishment, i.e. military work and philosophical work. Wei Yao does not advocate lightly starting a war. Even as he punished and prohibited violence, he advocated keeping the social order as stable as possible, so that soldiers would not be related by blood. He believes that morale determines the outcome of a war. We must be polite and then punish, my dear, and then punish, reflecting the historical trend of Confucian and French families. In analyzing the right time, place, and human relationships, he points to kindness that benefits from time to time; Clear legal orders, no divination; He opposed divination superstition and emphasized the role of personnel, reflecting materialism. He advised against skimping on property, bribing ministers in power, undermining their joint policies, and leaving their internal relationships. In this way, the prince could leave the country if he did not have 300,000 dollars in gold. He also summarized general marching rules, military rules, military discipline, mutual supervision, etc. Wei Yao is not an armchair strategist, but a scientific summary of practical experience.

从秦始皇统一战争的过程来看，魏耀的军事思想得到了很好的贯彻，大大加快了秦国统一世界的步伐。例如，重用将军，用离间计瓦解和纵向。在统一战争的过程中，没有大规模的坑，和平占领齐国。

From the process of qin Shi Huang's unification war, Wei Yao's military thought was well implemented, greatly speeding up the pace of Qin's unification of the world. For example, reusing generals, disintegrating and lengthwise by alienating. In the course of the unification war, there was no large-scale pit, and the state of Qi was occupied peacefully.

五、杂家代表吕不韦。

杂家学派以宽容的态度赢得了众家的优势。儒墨兼备，合名法，百家之道贯通。杂家学派最大的贡献是系统梳理和总结中国古典政治文明的各个方面，促进百家思想的逐步融合。《吕氏春秋》是吕不韦组织门客撰写的杂家经典作品，反映了吕不韦的哲学和政治思想。

V. Lu Buwei on behalf of the Miscellaneous Family.

The miscellaneous school won the advantage of all families with its tolerant attitude. Confucianism and ink both, the name of the law, a hundred ways through. The greatest contribution of the Za-jia school is to systematically sort out and summarize all aspects of classical Chinese political civilization and promote the gradual integration of hundreds of thoughts. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a miscellaneous classic work written by lu Buwei's followers, reflecting his philosophy and political thoughts.

吕不韦人，濮阳人也是。贾在邯郸，看到秦质子异人，以为奇货可居。经过精心策划，他花了很多钱请求信任，用三寸不烂的舌头游说华阳夫人和安国君，使异人中子成为王子。公元前249年，庄襄王(异人)即位，吕不韦为相国，被封为文信侯，蓝田十二县为其食邑，后改为三川县河南洛阳食邑10万户。庄襄王在位三年后去世，他的子政即位，后来是秦始皇。嬴政继位13岁，吕不韦继续担任相国，担任仲父辅政。秦始皇22岁时，实际上在秦国执政12年。

Lubuwei people, puyang people. Jia saw qin Proton inhumans in Handan and thought they were rare goods. After careful planning, he spent a lot of money to ask for trust and lobbied Lady Hua Yang and the Lord of An with his three inch tongue to make the inhuman Neutron a prince. In 249 BC, King Zhuang Xiang (a strange man) ascended to the throne, with Lu Buwei as prime minister, who was named Marquis Wenxin. Twelve counties of Lantian were his food yi, which was later changed to food Yi of luoyang, Sanchuan County, Henan, with 100,000 households. When King Zhuang Xiang died after three years on the throne, his son Zheng ascended to the throne, later Qin Shi Huang. Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne at the age of 13, and Lu Buwei continued to serve as prime Minister, serving as his father's assistant. At the age of 22, Qin Shi Huang actually ruled the state of Qin for 12 years.

吕不韦利用各种政治主张，支持封建统一战争结束，建立中央集权统一王国；提出采取温和镇压、君主无为、无为的战略治理国家。吕不韦执政期间，秦国一方面继续鼓励耕作，实行严格的法律。另一方面，他有时赦免罪人，修复王德，施德厚骨肉，造福人民。当时，秦国占领了韩、魏、赵的大片土地，打败了赵、楚、韩、燕的五个联盟，但放弃了大规模屠杀战俘的做法，反映了吕不韦兴义兵的思想。吕不韦还第一次以无尽的牺牲给亡国之君东周军。拔出后，魏角军被安置在野王身上。

Lu buwei made use of various political views to support the end of the feudal unification war and the establishment of a centralized unified kingdom. Put forward to adopt the strategy of mild repression, monarch inaction, inaction. During Lu Buwei's reign, qin continued to encourage farming and enforce strict laws. On the other hand, he sometimes pardoned sinners, repaired wang De, Shi De thick flesh and blood, and benefited the people. At that time, Qin occupied a large area of land of Han, Wei and Zhao, and defeated the five Allies of Zhao, Chu, Han and Yan. However, it gave up the practice of mass killing of prisoners of war, reflecting Lu Buwei's idea of establishing a benevolent army. Lu buwei also for the first time with endless sacrifices to the subjugation of the king of the East Zhou Army. After pulling out, wei Jiao army was placed on the body of the wild king.

虽然秦始皇不同于吕不韦的政治观点，但吕不韦的一些政治观点仍然被秦始皇付诸实践。例如，统一的政治制度、法律制度、社会经济制度等不杀兵降将、诸侯国王、贵族和奴隶的政治制度在秦朝和世界的治理中发挥着重要作用。

Although qin Shi Huang's political views differed from Lu's, some of Lu's political views were still put into practice by qin Shi Huang. For example, the unified political system, legal system, social and economic system, which did not kill soldiers and surrender generals, vassals, Kings, nobles and slaves, played an important role in the governance of the Qin Dynasty and the world.

6.计然家代表蔡泽。

据报道，计然家也被称为轻重家。先秦经济学家主要研究国家经济发展，重视民生利益。

计然学派诞生于春秋时期，是先秦思想家倡导商业经济的罕见代表。其核心主张是，国家应以发展商业和周货为基础，使农业末日有利，国家富裕。

6. CAI Ze, representative of Ji Ran family.

It is reported that the Ji Ran family is also known as the Gan an Family. Pre-qin economists mainly studied national economic development and paid attention to the interests of people's livelihood.

The Ji Ran School was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. Its core proposition is that the country should be based on the development of commerce and commodities, so that the end of agriculture is advantageous, the country is rich.

计然学派的经典理论是平卖齐物，关市不乏治国之道。具体经济措施包括通货、振百工、平价、轻税、重水利、兴农桑。计然学派的经典之作是《计然子》。这本书是越国著名大臣范蠡退休后记录老师计然的言论，并参照自己的观点制作的。《史记》说，计然之策七，用的越多，越骄傲。代表:计然，范蠡。

The classical theory of the Ji-ran school is that there is no shortage of ways to run a country. Specific economic measures include currency, energize 100 workers, parity, light tax, heavy water conservancy, farming and mulberry. The classic work of the Ji Ran School is Ji Ran Zi. Fan Li, a famous minister of the State of Yue, wrote down his teacher Ji Ran's remarks and made the book with his own ideas after he retired. The records of the Grand Historian says that the seventh rule is, the more you use, the prouder you become. Representatives: Ji Ran, Fan Li.

战国时期，燕国纲成(今河北省怀安)人蔡泽关心家人。善辩多智，游说诸侯，秦昭王拜为客卿，后代范菊为秦相。他曾为秦王政出使于燕，使王子丹进入秦朝。蔡泽去的史书记载不多。

蔡泽虽然时间不长，但作为一个幸运的家庭，蔡泽应该为秦国的经济发展做出贡献。例如，在秦始皇时期，如果没有幸运家庭的帮助和计划，就很难取得如此巨大的成就。特别是建立法治经济，不可能缺乏幸运家庭的参与。专家指出，秦朝制定了经济法律法规。利用法律调整经济关系的广度和深度。内容的丰富性和系统性是前所未有的，有些是后代无法企及的。农业、手工业、商业、金融等经济法规反映了组织管理、生产、劳动力调度、商品货币关系调整、市场控制等经济生活的法律程度，也反映了早期封建生产力的发展和秦朝经济政策的实施。

计然学派诞生于春秋时期，是先秦思想家倡导商业经济的罕见代表。其核心主张是，国家应以发展商业和周货为基础，使农业末日有利，国家富裕。

During the Warring States Period, CAI Ze, a native of Gangcheng (now Huai 'an, Hebei Province) in the State of Yan, cared about his family. He was good at arguing and wise, and lobbied the princes. King Zhao of Qin was honored as guest qing, and fan Ju, his offspring, was the prime minister of Qin. He once served as an envoy to Yu Yan for the King of Qin and made Prince Dan enter the Qin Dynasty. There aren't many history books about Zeze.

Although CAI Ze is not long, as a lucky family, CAI Ze should contribute to the economic development of Qin. For example, during the time of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, it would have been difficult to achieve such great achievements without the help and planning of a lucky family. In particular, it is impossible to build a law-based economy without the participation of lucky families. Experts point out that the Qin dynasty established economic laws and regulations. Use law to adjust the breadth and depth of economic relations. The richness and systematicity of the content is unprecedented, and some of it is beyond the reach of future generations. The economic laws and regulations of agriculture, handicrafts, commerce and finance reflected the legal degree of economic life such as organization and management, production, labor dispatching, adjustment of commodity and currency relations, and market control, as well as the development of early feudal productive forces and the implementation of economic policies in the Qin Dynasty.

The Ji Ran School was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. Its core proposition is that the country should be based on the development of commerce and commodities, so that the end of agriculture is advantageous, the country is rich.